| Acronym | Sense | Language | Topics |
|---|---|---|---|
| AAAdEM | Afgana Amika Asocio de Esperanto-Movado | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| ACE | Association Charentaise pour l'Espéranto | In French | → Associations |
| AdE | Akademio de Esperanto | In Esperanto | → Academies |
| AEA | Australian Esperanto Association (www.esperanto.org.au) = AEA | Aŭstralia Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto |
In English | → Associations → Australia |
| AEA | Aŭstralia Esperanto-Asocio (www.esperanto.org.au) = (look above) |
In Esperanto | → Associations → Australia |
| AEF | Aŭstria Esperantista Federacio (http://aef.esperanto.at) | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Austria |
| ÅEF | Århus Esperanto-forening | In Danish | → Organizations and associations → Denmark |
| AEH | Asocio de Esperantistaj Handikapuloj | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| AEJ | Aŭstria Esperanto-Junularo (http://aej.esperanto.at) | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Austria |
| AERA | Amikaro de Esperanto en Radio | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Telecommunications |
| AEST | Apliko de Esperanto en Scienco kaj Tekniko | In Esperanto | → Congresses → Mathematics and natural sciences → Applied sciences, technology |
| AET | Associazione Esperantista Trentina (http://trento.esperantoitalia.it) | In Italian | → Associations → Italia |
| AFCE | Association Française des Cheminots pour l'Espéranto = FFEA | Franca Fervojista Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto |
In French | → Associations → Rail transport engineering → Transport and postal services → France |
| AFEF | Aŭstria Fervojista Esperanto-Federacio | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Rail transport engineering → Transport and postal services → Austria |
| AME | Asociación Manchega de Esperanto (www.ame-emas.tk) = EMAS | Esperantista Manĉa Asocio | In Esperanto |
In Spanish | → Associations |
| ANEB | Association Nationale pour l'Espéranto au Burundi | In French | → Associations |
| APE | Associazione Pavese Esperanto | In Italian | → Associations → Italia |
| APSIKE | Asocio por la Sociala Integriĝo kaj por Esperanto | In Esperanto | → Associations → Social aid |
| APTE | Association Poste Télécom Espéranto | In French | → Associations → Telecommunications → Postal services → France |
| ARE | Aŭtuna Renkontiĝo de Esperanto | In Esperanto | → Congresses |
| ASLE | Asocio de Sociallaboristaj Esperantistoj | In Esperanto | → Associations → Social aid |
| ATEO | Ateista Tutmonda Esperanto-Organizo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Religion, theology |
| AVE | Asocio de Verduloj Esperantistaj | In Esperanto | → Associations → Political parties and movements |
| BEA | Brita Esperanto-Asocio (http://https://esperanto.org.uk/) | In Esperanto | → Associations → United Kingdom |
| BEF | Belga Esperanto-Federacio | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Belgium |
| BEJ | Bulgara Esperanto-Junularo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| BEJA | Bogota Esperantista Junulara Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| BEJO | Brazila Esperantista Junulara Organizo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Brazil |
| BEK | Barcelona Esperanto-Kontaktejo | In Esperanto | → Spain |
| BEL | Brazila Esperanto-Ligo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Brazil |
| BEL | Bahaa Esperanto-Ligo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → 285 |
| BEL | Budhana Ligo Esperantista | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Buddhism |
| BEMI | Biciklista Esperantista Movado Internacia | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Sport, physical exercises |
| BKC | Brusela Komunikad-Centro | In Esperanto | |
| BORE | Biologia kaj Ornitologia Rondo Esperantlingva | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Biological sciences → Zoology |
| CDELI | Centre de Documentation et d'Étude sur la Langue Internationale = CDELI | Centro de Dokumentado kaj Esplorado pri la Lingvo Internacia | In Esperanto |
In French | → Documentation |
| CDELI | Centro de Dokumentado kaj Esplorado pri la Lingvo Internacia = (look above) |
In Esperanto | → Libraries |
| CEEA | Cercle d'Études Espérantistes de l'Ariège | In French | → Organizations and associations |
| CEED | Comprehensive English-Esperanto Dictionary | In English | → Dictionaries |
| CEJ | Ceará Esperanto-Junularo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| ĈEJ | Ĉeĥa Esperanto-Junularo (www.esperanto.cz/cxej/) | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Czech Republic |
| ĈJEA | Ĉina Junulara Esperanto-Asocio = ĈJEA | 中国における青年エスペラント団体です | In Japanese |
In Esperanto | → Associations |
| CO | Centra Oficejo | In Esperanto | |
| DEA | Dana Esperanto-Asocio (www.esperanto.dk) = EfD | Esperantoforeningen for Danmark | In Danish |
In Esperanto | → Associations → Denmark |
| DEFA | Dana Esperantista Fervojista Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations → Rail transport engineering → Transport and postal services → Denmark |
| DEI | Dansk Esperanto-Institut = DEI | Dana Esperanto-Instituto | In Esperanto |
In Danish | → Organizations and associations → Denmark |
| DEI | Dana Esperanto-Instituto = (look above) |
In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Denmark |
| DEJO | Dana Esperantista Junulara Organizo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Denmark |
| DKEA | Demokrata Kongolanda Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| E@I | Esperanto ĉe Interreto | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Networks, communication → Telecommunications |
| EAB | Esperanto Association of Britain (http://https://esperanto.org.uk) = EAB | Esperanto-Asocio de Britio | In Esperanto |
In English | → Associations → United Kingdom |
| EAB | Esperanto-Asocio de Britio (http://https://esperanto.org.uk) = (look above) |
In Esperanto | → Associations → United Kingdom |
| EAF | Esperanto-Asocio de Finnlando (www.esperanto.fi) | In Esperanto | → Associations → Finland |
| EASA | Esperanto Asocio de Suda Afriko | In Esperanto | → Associations → Africa |
| EAŬ | Esperantista Asocio de Ŭonbulismo | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| EBEA | Elektronika Bibliografio de Esperantaj Artikoloj | In Esperanto | → Bibliography |
| EDE | Europe Démocratie Espéranto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = EDE | Eŭropo Demokratio Esperanto | In Esperanto = EDE | Europa Demokratie Esperanto | In German = EDE | Europe Democracy Esperanto | In English = EDE | Europa Democrazia Esperanto | In Italian = ΕΔΕ | Ευρώπη Δημοκρατία Εσπεράντο | In Greek = EDE | Europa Democracia Esperanto | In Spanish = EDE | Europa Demokracija Esperanto | In Croatian = EDE | Europa Democratie Esperanto | In Dutch = EDE | Európa Demokrácia Eszperantó | In Hungarian = EDE | Europa Demokratija Esperanto | In Lithuanian = EDE | Europa Demokracja Esperanto | In Polish = EDE | Europa Demokrati Esperanto | In Swedish = EDE | Europa Democràcia Esperanto | In Catalan = EDE | Eurooppa Demokratia Esperanto | In Finnish = EDE | Euròpa Democracia Esperanto | In Occitan = EDE | Europa Democracia Esperanto | In Portuguese |
In French | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Eŭropo Demokratio Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Esperanto | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EdE | Enciklopedio de Esperanto | In Esperanto | → General encyclopaedias |
| EDE | Europa Demokratie Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In German | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Europe Democracy Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In English | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Europa Democrazia Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Italian | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Europa Democracia Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Spanish | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Europa Demokracija Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Croatian | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Europa Democratie Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Dutch | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Európa Demokrácia Eszperantó (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Hungarian | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Europa Demokratija Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Lithuanian | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Europa Demokracja Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Polish | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Europa Demokrati Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Swedish | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Europa Democràcia Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Catalan | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Eurooppa Demokratia Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Finnish | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Euròpa Democracia Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Occitan | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EDE | Europa Democracia Esperanto (http://http://e-d-e.org/) = ΕΔΕ (look above) |
In Portuguese | → Political parties and movements → Europe |
| EEG | Esperantlingva Etnonoma Glosaro | In Esperanto | → Dictionaries → Ethnology |
| EEU | Eŭropa Esperanto-Unio | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Politics |
| EfD | Esperantoforeningen for Danmark = DEA (look above) |
In Danish | → Organizations and associations → Denmark |
| EGLI | Esperantista Go-Ligo Internacia | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → 794 |
| EJA | Esperanta Jura Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations → Law, jurisprudence |
| EKS | Esperanto Koresponda Servo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| ELF-AREK | Esperanto-Ligo Filatelista - Amika Rondo de Esperantaĵ-Kolektantoj | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Transport and postal services |
| ELI | Esperanto-Ligo en Israelo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| ELNA | Esperanto-Ligo por Norda Ameriko (www.esperanto-usa.org) | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| ELNA | Esperanto-Ligo de Nord-Ameriko (www.esperanto-usa.org) = ELNA | Esperanto League for North America | In English = ÖGAM | Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin | In German |
In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| ELNA | Esperanto League for North America = ÖGAM (look above) |
In English | → Organizations and associations |
| ELOA | Esperanto-Ligo de Okcidenta Auxstralio | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| ELRS | Esperanto-Ligo de Respubliko Srpska (www.esperanto.rs.ba) | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| ELWA | Esperanto League of Western Australia (http://wa.esperanto.org.au) | In English | → Organizations and associations → Australia |
| EMA | Espéranto Moulins-Allier | In French | → Organizations and associations → France |
| EMAS | Esperantista Manĉa Asocio (www.ame-emas.tk) = AME (look above) |
In Esperanto | → Associations |
| EMĈ | Esperantista Motorciklanta Ĉeno | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Vehicle engineering |
| EoLA | Esperanto - Lingvo Arta | In Esperanto | → Arts |
| EOS | Esperantska Omladina Srbije | In Serbian | |
| EPA | Esperanto-Propaganda Asocio de Oomoto | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| ERA | Esperanto Radikala Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations → Political parties and movements |
| ERO | Esperanto-Rondo de Otavo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Canada |
| ERT | Esperanto-Rondo de Toronto | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Canada |
| ESK | Esperanto sub la Suda Kruco | In Esperanto | → Serial publications, periodicals |
| ESK | Esperanto-Societo Kebekia = SQE | Société Québécoise d'Espéranto | In French |
In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Canada |
| EŜLI | Esperanta Ŝak-Ligo Internacia | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → 794 |
| EŜLI | Esperanta Ŝaka Ligo Internacia | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| ESZ | Esperanto-Societo Zuriko | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Switzerland |
| EUROKKA | Esperanto-Rok-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations → Music |
| EVA | Esperantlingva Verkista Asocio (www.everk.org) | In Esperanto | → Associations → Arts |
| EVE | Etimologia Vortaro de Esperanto | In Esperanto | → Dictionaries |
| FEB | Federacio Esperanto de Barato | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| FEE | Federación Española de Esperanto (www.esperanto.es/hef/) = HEF | Hispana Esperanto-Federacio | In Esperanto |
In Spanish | → Organizations and associations → Spain |
| FEI | Federazione Esperantista Italiana (www.esperanto.it) | In Italian | → Organizations and associations → Italia |
| FEI | Franca Esperanto Instituto | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| FEJO | Finnlanda Esperantista Junulara Organizo (www.esperanto.fi/fejo/) | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Finland |
| FEL | Flandra Esperanto-Ligo (www.esperanto.be/fel/) = VEB | Vlaamse Esperantobond | In Dutch |
In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| FFEA | Franca Fervojista Esperanto-Asocio = AFCE (look above) |
In Esperanto | → Associations → Rail transport engineering → Transport and postal services → France |
| FK | Fundamenta Krestomatio | In Esperanto | → Encyclopaedias, reference works |
| FLEJA | Flandra Esperanto-Junulara Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| GEA | Germana Esperanto-Asocio (www.esperanto.de/gea/) | In Esperanto | → Associations → Germany |
| GEE | Groupement des Enseignants Espérantophones | In French | → Organizations and associations → Education |
| GEJ | Germana Esperanto-Junularo (www.esperanto.de/gej) | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Germany |
| GEJ | Guanabara Esperanto Junularo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| GEL | Germana Esperanto-Ligo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Germany |
| GEPRAF | Grupo de Esperanto-Parolantaj Radio-Amatoroj en Francio | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Telecommunications |
| GEV | Grajnoj en Vento | In Esperanto | |
| HanEA | Hanoja Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| HdE | Heroldo de Esperanto | In Esperanto | → Newspapers, journalism |
| HEA | Hungara Esperanto-Asocio = MESZ | Magyarországi Eszperantó Szövetség | In Hungarian |
In Esperanto | → Associations → Hungary |
| HEF | Hispana Esperanto-Federacio (www.esperanto.es/hef/) = FEE (look above) |
In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Spain |
| HEJ | Hungara Esperanto-Junularo = MIESZ | Magyar Ifjúsági Eszperantó Szövetség | In Hungarian |
In Esperanto | → Associations → Hungary |
| HEJS | Hispana Esperantista Junulara Societo (www.esperanto.es/joven/) | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Spain |
| HEK | Hispana Esperanto-Kongreso | In Esperanto | → Congresses → Spain |
| HEM | Hrvatska Esperantska Mladež = KEJA | Kroata Esperanto-Junulara Asocio | In Esperanto |
In Croatian | → Organizations and associations |
| HKEA | Honkonga Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| HKJEA | Honkonga Junulara Esperanto-Asocio = HKJEA | 香港の青年エスペラント団体です | In Japanese |
In Esperanto | → Associations |
| IAdEM | Internacia Asocio de Esperantistaj Matematikistoj | In Esperanto | → Associations → Mathematics |
| IAEA | Internacia Agrikultura Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations → Agricultural sciences |
| ICNEM | Internacia Centro de la Neŭtrala Esperanto-Movado | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| IE | Israela Esperantisto | In Esperanto | → Serial publications, periodicals |
| IEJ | Itala Esperantista Junularo (http://iej.esperanto.it) | In Esperanto | → Associations → Italia |
| IEKA | Internacia Esperanto-Klubo Aŭtomobilista | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Vehicle engineering → Transport and postal services |
| IEM | Internacia Esperanto-Muzeo | In Esperanto | → Museums |
| IFEF | Internacia Fervojista Esperanto Federacio | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Rail transport engineering → Transport and postal services |
| IFRE | Internacia Forstista Rondo Esperantlingva | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Agricultural sciences |
| IKEK | Internacia Komunista Esperantista Kolektivo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Communist parties |
| IKEO | Internacia Kooperativa Esperanto-Organizo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| IKKE | Interreta Konferenco de Komercemaj Esperantoparolantoj | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Trade |
| IKUE | Internacia Katolika Unuigo Esperantista | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Roman catholic church |
| ILEI | Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Instruistoj | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Education |
| ILERA | Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Radioamatoroj | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Telecommunications |
| ILERA | Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Radio-Amatoroj | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Telecommunications |
| INOE | Internacia Naturista Organizo Esperantista | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| IPKK | Internacia Perfektiga Kurso de Esperanto | In Esperanto | → Education |
| IPTEA | Internacia Poŝtista kaj Telekomunikista Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations → Telecommunications → Transport and postal services |
| IREA | Irana Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| IREJO | Irana Esperantista Junulara Organizo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| IRK | Internacia Respondkupono | In Esperanto | |
| ISAE | Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista | In Esperanto | → Associations → Mathematics and natural sciences |
| ISE | Internacia Semajnfino Esperantista | In Esperanto | → Congresses |
| ITRE | Internacia Traduk-Reto per Esperanto | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Translation |
| JA | Juna Amiko | In Esperanto | |
| JBLE | Japana Budhana Ligo Esperantista | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Buddhism |
| JEA | Junularo Esperantista Apula | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| JEB | Junaj Esperantistoj en Britio | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → United Kingdom |
| JEB | Junularo Esperantista Brita | In Esperanto | → Associations → United Kingdom |
| JEFO | Junulara Esperantista Franca Organizo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → France |
| JEI | Japana Esperanto-Instituto | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Japan |
| JEJ | Japana Esperanto-Junularo = JEJ | 日本青年エスペラント連絡会 | In Japanese |
In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| JEK | Junularo Esperantista Kanada | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Canada |
| JELI | Junulara Esperanto-Ligo Israela | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| JER | Junulara Esperanta Renkontiĝo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| JER | Jokohama Esperanto-Rondo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| JES | Junularo Esperantista Svislanda (www.jesperanto.ch) | In Esperanto | → Associations → Switzerland |
| JOTE | Junulara Organizo de Togolandaj Esperantistoj | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| KAEM | Komisiono pri Azia Esperanto-Movado | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| KAEST | Konferenco pri Aplikoj de Esperanto en Scienco kaj Tekniko | In Esperanto | → Congresses → Mathematics and natural sciences → Applied sciences, technology |
| KAFE | Kultura Arta Festivalo en Esperanto | In Esperanto | → Civilization, culture, progress → Arts |
| KantEA | Kantabra Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| KarEsA | Kartvelia Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| KCE | Kultura Centro de Esperanto | In Esperanto | → Civilization, culture, progress |
| KEA | Kanada Esperanto-Asocio (www.esperanto.ca/kea/) | In Esperanto | → Associations → Canada |
| KEA | Kuba Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| KEA | Kataluna Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations → Spain |
| KEJ | Korea Esperanto-Junularo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| KEJ | Kataluna Esperanto-Junularo (www.esperanto.cat/kej/) | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Spain |
| KEJA | Kroata Esperanto-Junulara Asocio (www.keja.hr) = HEM (look above) |
In Esperanto | → Associations |
| KEJO | Kebekia Esperantista Junulara Organizo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Canada |
| KEK | Københavns Esperanto-Klub = KEK | Konversacia Esperantista Klubo Kopenhago | In Esperanto |
In Danish | → Organizations and associations → Denmark |
| KEK | Konversacia Esperantista Klubo Kopenhago = (look above) |
In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Denmark |
| KEKG | Kopenhaga Esperanto-Kulturgrupo = KEKG | Københavns Esperanto-Kulturgruppe | In Danish |
In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Civilization, culture, progress → Denmark |
| KEKG | Københavns Esperanto-Kulturgruppe = (look above) |
In Danish | → Organizations and associations → Civilization, culture, progress → Denmark |
| KELI | Kristana Esperantista Ligo Internacia | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations → Christianity |
| KER | Konga Esperanto-Rondo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| KEV | Konciza Etimologia Vortaro | In Esperanto | → Dictionaries |
| KKES | Kvakera Esperanto-Servo | In Esperanto | → Christianity |
| KREA | Kostarika Esperanto-Asocio | In Esperanto | → Associations |
| KSM | Koresponda Servo Mondskala | In Esperanto | |
| LEJL | Litova Esperantista Junulara Ligo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| LEJL | Litovia Esperantista Junulara Ligo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| LES | Lucerna Esperanto-Societo | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| LES | Laŭzana Esperanto Societo | In Spanish | → Organizations and associations → Switzerland |
| LI | Lingvo Internacia | In Esperanto | |
| LIBE | Ligo Internacia de Blindaj Esperantistoj | In Esperanto | → Organizations and associations |
| LLZ | Lazaro Ludoviko Zamenhof | In Esperanto | → Biography |
| LOdE | La Ondo de Esperanto | In Esperanto | → Newspapers, journalism |