Acronym | Sense | Language | Topics |
---|---|---|---|
JHAS | Journal for the History of Astronomy - Supplement | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Astronomy → History |
JHG | Journal of Historical Geography | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Geography → History |
JHI | Journal for the History of Ideas | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → History |
JHM | Journal of the History of Medicine and allied sciences | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Medicine → History |
JHPh | Journal of the History of Philosophy | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Philosophy, psychology → History |
JHSN | Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → History |
JIAS | Journal of the Institute of Asian Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Area studies |
JIE | Jewish Inscriptions of Graeco-Roman Egypt | In English | → Judaism → Archeology |
JIH | Journal of Interdisciplinary History | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → History |
JIH | Journal of Indian History | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → History |
JJASAS | Journal of the Japanese Association for South Asian Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Area studies → Japan |
JLAS | Journal of Latin American Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Area studies |
JMAS | Journal of Modern African Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Area studies → Africa |
JMH | Journal of Modern History | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → History |
JNES | Journal of Near Eastern studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
JPACS | Journal of Pacific Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
JPH | Journal of Pacific History | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → History |
JPS | Journal of Palestine Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
JPS | Journal of the Polynesian Society | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
JQR | (The) Jewish Quarterly Review | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
JRAS | Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature → United Kingdom |
JRC | Japanese Studies Centre | In English | → Area studies |
JRS | Journal of Roman Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Archeology |
JSA | Journal de la Société des Africanistes | In French | → Serial publications, periodicals → Area studies |
JSA | Journal de la Société des Américanistes | In French | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
JSAA | Japanese Studies Association of Australia (www.jsaa.info) | In English | → Associations → Language, linguistics, literature → Australia |
JSAC | Japan Studies Association of Canada (http://buna.yorku.ca/jsac/) | In English | → Associations → Area studies → Canada |
JSAS | Journal of Southern African Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Area studies → Africa |
JSAWS | Journal of South Asia Women Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Feminism → Area studies |
JSGRP | Jewish Studies in the Graeco-Roman Period | In English | → Education → Judaism → Language, linguistics, literature → History |
JSGRP | Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period | In English | → Judaism → Archeology |
JSJ | Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Archeology → Judaism |
JSS | Journal of Semitic Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
JSSEA | Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Archeology |
JVC | Journal of Victorian Culture | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → History |
JWUDF | Jahns Wöchentliche Unterhaltungen für Dilettanten und Freunde der Astronomie, Geographie und Witterungskunde | In German | → Serial publications, periodicals → Astronomy → Meteorology, climatology → Geography |
KITLV | Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (www.kitlv.nl) | In Dutch | → Organizations and associations → Ethnology → Geography → Netherlands |
KL | Konzentrationslager | In German | → History |
KNAG | Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap (www.knag.nl) | In Dutch | → Organizations and associations → Geography → Netherlands |
KRIHS | Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (www.krihs.re.kr) | In English | → Research institutes → Regional planning → Geography |
KRSS | Kesatuan Republik Sosialis Soviet = URSS | Unaniezh ar Republikoù Sokialour Soviedel | In Breton = URSS | Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques | In French = USSR | Unie van Sosialistiese Sowjetrepublieke | In Afrikaans = USSR | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | In English = СССР | Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик | In Russian = CCCP | Съюзът на съветските социалистически републики | In Bulgarian = SSSR | Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik | In Russian = URSS | Unión de Republicas Sozialistas Sobieticas | In Aragonese = XRSS | Xunión de les Repúbliques Socialistes Soviétiques | In Asturian = SSRİ | Sovet Sosialist Respublikaları İttifaqı | In Azerbaijani = TSRS | Tarybu Socialistiniu Respubliku Sajunga | In Baltic languages = SSSR | Savez Sovjetskih Socijalističkih Republika | In Serbo-Croatian = URSS | Unió de Repúbliques Socialistes Soviètiques | In Catalan = SSSR | Svaz sovětských socialistických republik | In Czech = USSR | Unio de Sovetaj Socialismaj Respublikoj | In Esperanto = CCCP | Социаллă Совет Республикисен Союзĕ | In Chuvash = USSR | Unionen af Socialistiske Sovjetrepublikker | In Danish = URSS | Unione delle Repubbliche Socialiste Sovietiche | In Italian = ZSRR | Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich | In Polish = SSKS | Szovjet Szocialista Köztársaságok Szövetsége | In Hungarian = UdSSR | Union der Sozialistischen Sowjetrepubliken | In German = ΕΣΣΔ | Ένωση Σοβιετικών Σοσιαλιστικών Δημοκρατιών | In Greek = URSS | Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas | In Spanish = NSVL | Nõukogude Sotsialistlike Vabariikide Liit | In Estonian = SESB | Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna | In Basque = USSR | Uny fan Sosjalistyske Sowjetrepublyken | In Frisian = ԽՍՀՄ | Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետությունների Միություն | In Armenian = URSS | Unión das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas | In Galician = სსრკ | საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკების კავშირი | In Georgian = URSS | Unio Rerum Publicarum Socialisticarum Sovieticarum | In Latin = CCPC | Советтик Социалисттик Республикалар Союзу | In Kirghiz = UdSSR | Unioun vun de Sozialistesche Sowjetrepubliken | In Letzeburgesh = PSRS | Padomju Sociālistisko Republiku Savienība | In Latvian = СССР | Сојуз на Советските Социјалистички Републики | In Macedonian = УРСС | Униуня Републичилор советиче Сочиалисте | In Moldavan = USSR | Unie van Socialistische Sovjetrepublieken | In Dutch = SSSR | Sambandet av Sosialistiske Sovjet-Republikkar | In Nynorsk = SSSR | Samveldet av sovjetiske sosialistrepublikker | In Norwegian = URSS | Unnion d'Républyiques Socialistes Soviétiques | In Norman = URSS | União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas | In Portuguese = URSS | Union de las Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas | In Occitan = SSRH | Susyalista Suwit Republikakunap Huñun | In Quechua = ССРЦ | Советон Социалистон Республикæты Цæдис | In Ossetian = URSS | Uniunea Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste | In Romanian = URSS | Unioni dî ripùbblichi sucialisti suviètichi | In Sicilian = ZSSR | Zveza sovjetskih socialističnih republik | In Slovenian = СССР | Савез Совјетских Социјалистичких Република | In Serbian = SSCB | Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği | In Turkish = СРСР | Союз Радянських Соціалістичних Республік | In Ukrainian = SSRB | Sovet Sosialistik Republiklar Berlege | In Tatar = SSRI | Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikalar Ittifoqi | In Uzbek |
In Malay | → International relations → Geography |
KVV | Kevarzhe Vannielouriezh Vreizh = МРТ | Македонска радио-телевизија | In Macedonian = MRT | Macedonian Radio-Television | In English = SBV | Société Bretonne de Vexillologie | In French |
In Breton | → Organizations and associations → Flags, banners |
KZ | Konzentrationslager | In German | → History |
LÄ | Lexicon der Ägyptologie | In German | → Dictionaries → Archeology |
LA | Los Angeles | In many languages | → Geography → United States |
LAI | (Österreichisches) Lateinamerika-Institut (www.lai.at) | In German | → Research institutes → Area studies → Austria |
LAMOP | LAboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris | In French | → Research institutes → Language, linguistics, literature → History → France |
LBI | Leo Baeck Institute (https://www.lbi.org) | In English | → Research institutes → Libraries → History → Judaism |
LCD | Least Developed Country | In English | → Development → Geography |
LCL | Loeb Classical Library | In English | → Language, linguistics, literature |
LDC | Less Developed Country | In English | → Development → Geography |
LEDC | Less Economically Developed Country | In English | → Development → Geography |
LIS | Landinformationssystem | In German | → Software → Geography |
LLZ | Lazaro Ludoviko Zamenhof | In Esperanto | → Biography → Artificial languages (linguistics) |
LMEI | London Middle East Institute (https://www.soas.ac.uk/lmei/) | In English | → Research institutes → Area studies → United Kingdom |
LVF | Légion des Volontaires Français | In French | → Military affairs → History → France |
MAA | Medieval Academy of America (www.medievalacademy.org) | In English | → Academies → History → United States |
MAP | Medieval Association of the Pacific | In English | → Associations → History |
MARAAS | Mid-Atlantic Region Association for Asian Studies | In English | → Associations → Area studies |
MARC | Modern Asia Research Centre | In English | → Research institutes → Area studies |
MARLC | Melbourne Asian Research Libraries Consortium | In English | → Libraries → Area studies |
MÄS | Münchner Ägyptologische Studien | In German | → Archeology |
MCHC | Monroe County History Center (www.monroehistory.org) | In English | → History → United States |
MCPA | The Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs | In English | → Area studies |
MDAIK | Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Institutes, Abteilung Kairo | In German | → Serial publications, periodicals → Archeology |
MEARC | Modern East Asia Research Centre | In English | → Research institutes → Area studies → Netherlands |
MEAS | Middle Eastern and African Studies | In English | → Area studies |
MEC | Middle East Center | In English | → Area studies |
MECACS | (Institute of) Middle East, Central Asia and Caucasus Studies | In English | → Area studies |
MEF | Middle East Forum | In English | → Organizations and associations → Area studies |
MEI | Middle East Institute | In English | → Area studies |
MEISP | Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies Program | In English | → Islam → Area studies |
MEJ | Middle East Journal | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
MEJ | (The) Middle East Journal | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
MEM | Middle East Medievalists | In English | → Organizations and associations → History |
MENA | Middle East and North Africa | In English | → Geography |
MENARG | Middle East and North Africa Research Group | In English | → Organizations and associations → Social sciences → Area studies |
MERIA | Middle East Review of International Affairs | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → International relations |
MERO | Middle East Report Online | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
MESA | Middle East Studies Association | In English | → Associations → Area studies |
MESAS | Middle Eastern and South Asian Studies | In English | → Area studies |
MESC | Middle Eastern Studies Center | In English | → Area studies |
MFEA | Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities | In English | → Museums → Archeology → History |
MGWJ | Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums | In German | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature → Judaism |
MH | Medical History | In English | → Medicine → History |
MHA | Mormon History Association | In English | → Associations → Christianity → History |
MIDÉO | Mélanges de l'Institut Dominicain d'Études Orientales du Caire | In French | → Serial publications, periodicals → Roman catholic church → Area studies → Islam → Egypt |
MIFAO | Mémoires publiés par les Membres de l'Institut Francais d'Archéologie Orientale | In French | → Serial publications, periodicals → Archeology |
MIFAO | Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale | In French | → Serial publications, periodicals → Archeology |
MIO | Mitteilungen des Instituts für Orientforschung | In German | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
MLN | Mouvement de Libération Nationale | In French | → Organizations and associations → History |
MO | Le Monde oriental | In French | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
MSR | Mamluk Studies Review | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
MSSP | Micronesia and South Pacific Program | In English | → Area studies |
MUCMENAS | Macquarie University: Centre for Middle East and North African Studies | In English | → Language, linguistics, literature |
MUR | Mouvements Unis de la Résistance | In French | → Political parties and movements → History |
MW | (The) Muslim World | In English | → Islam → Area studies |
MZT | Magyarországi Záslo Társaság | In Polish | → Flags, banners → Hungary |
NAAAID | National Association of Americans of Asian Indian Descent | In English | → Associations → Genealogy |
NACBS | North American Conference on British Studies | In English | → Organizations and associations → Area studies → United States |
NACS | Nordic Association for China Studies | In English | → Associations → Area studies → China |
NaGe | National Geographic | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Area studies → Geography |
NAJAKS | Nordic Association for Japanese and Korean Studies | In English | → Associations → Language, linguistics, literature |
NAJS | Nordic Association for the Study of Contemporary Japanese Society | In English | → Associations → Language, linguistics, literature |
NAP | Noyautage des Administrations Publiques | In French | → Public administration, government → History |
NASA | Nordic Association for South Asian Studies | In English | → Associations → Language, linguistics, literature |
NASEAS | Nordic Association of Southeast Asian Studies | In English | → Associations → Language, linguistics, literature |
NASOH | North American Society for Oceanic History | In English | → Organizations and associations → Marine research, oceanography → History |
NASSH | North American Society for Sport History | In English | → Organizations and associations → History → Sport, physical exercises → United States |
NATSA | North American Taiwan Studies Association | In English | → Associations → Language, linguistics, literature |
NAVA | North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) | In English | → Associations → Flags, banners |
NCGIA | National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (www.ncgia.ucsb.edu) | In English | → Research institutes → Geography |
NCHE | National Council for History Education | In English | → Education → History |
NCPH | National Council on Public History | In English | → History |
NCSAS | National Centre for South Asia Studies | In English | → Area studies |
NDIEC | New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity | In English | → Christianity → Archeology |
NDK | Német Demokratikus Köztársaság = GDR | Germana Demokratia Respubliko | In Esperanto = RDA | Republik Demokratel Alamagn | In Breton = RDA | República Democrática Alemana | In Spanish = RDA | République Démocratique Allemande | In French = DDR | Deutsche Demokratische Republik | In German = DDR | Duitse Demokratiese Republiek | In Afrikaans = NDR | Njemačka Demokratska Republika | In Bosnian = RDA | República Democràtica Alemanya | In Catalan = NDR | Německá demokratická republika | In Czech = ГДР | Германи Демократиллĕ Республики | In Chuvash = ΛΔΓ | Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία της Γερμανίας | In Greek = GDR | German Democratic Republic | In English = AED | Alemaniar Errepublika Demokratikoa | In Basque = RDT | Repubblica Democratica Tedesca | In Italian = DDR | Duitse Democratische Republiek | In Dutch = RDG | Republica Democrată Germană | In Romanian = DAC | Demokratik Alman Cumhuriyeti | In Turkish |
In Hungarian | → Geography → Germany |
NDR | Njemačka Demokratska Republika = NDK, GDR, RDA, DDR, ГДР, ΛΔΓ, AED, RDT, RDG, DAC (look above) |
In Bosnian | → Geography → Germany |
NDR | Německá demokratická republika = NDK, GDR, RDA, DDR, ГДР, ΛΔΓ, AED, RDT, RDG, DAC (look above) |
In Czech | → Geography → Germany |
NEA | Northeast Asia Program | In English | → Higher education, universities → Area studies |
NEAAS | New England Conference of the Association for Asian Studies | In English | → Associations → Language, linguistics, literature |
NEAEHL | New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land | In English | → Encyclopaedias, reference works → Archeology |
NEAF | Near Eastern Archaeology Foundation | In English | → Foundations → Archeology |
NEAS | Near East Archaeological Society | In English | → Organizations and associations → Archeology |
NEHA | New England Historical Association | In English | → Associations → History |
NES | Near Eastern Studies | In English | → Area studies |
NEV | Nombre d’Équivalent Vases | In French | → Archeology |
NEVA | New England Vexillological Association | In English | → Associations → Flags, banners |
NFF | National Flag Foundation (www.americanflags.org) | In English | → Foundations → Flags, banners |
NGF | Nivellement Général de la France | In French | → Geodesy, cartography → Geography → France |
NGJS | Nederlands Genootschaap voor Japanse Studien | In Dutch | → Organizations and associations → Area studies → Netherlands |
NH | New Hampshire | In English | → Geography |
NH | Noord-Holland | In Dutch | → Geography → Netherlands |
NIAP | National Institute for Asia and the Pacific | In English | → Area studies |
NIAS | Nordic Institute of Asian Studies | In English | → Area studies |
NINO | Netherlands Institute for the Near East | In English | → Area studies |
NIOD | Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (www.niod.nl) | In Dutch | → Organizations and associations → Documentation → Polemology → History → Netherlands |
NIT | Namgyal Institute of Tibetology | In English | → Language, linguistics, literature |
NMES | Near and Middle Eastern Studies | In English | → Language, linguistics, literature → Area studies |
NMI | Nombre Minimum d’Individus | In French | → Archeology |
NN | Nacht und Nebel | In German | → History |
NNCS | Nordic Network for Chinese Studies | In English | → Organizations and associations → Area studies → China |
NÖ | Niederösterreich | In German | → Geography → Austria |
NOAG | Nachrichten der Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens | In German | → Serial publications, periodicals → Ethnology → Area studies |
NOFSA | Norsk Forum for Sor-Asia | In Norwegian | → Organizations and associations → Area studies → Norway |
NONESA | Nordic Newsletter for Southeast Asian Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Language, linguistics, literature |
NR | Nombre de Restes | In French | → Archeology |
NRI | Needham Research Institute (www.nri.cam.ac.uk) | In English | → Research institutes → History → Engineering, technology → Medicine → United Kingdom |
NRW | Nordrhein-Westfalen | In German | → Geography |
NSC | Nepal Study Center | In English | → Organizations and associations → Language, linguistics, literature |
NSVL | Nõukogude Sotsialistlike Vabariikide Liit = KRSS, URSS, USSR, СССР, CCCP, SSSR, XRSS, SSRİ, TSRS, ZSRR, SSKS, UdSSR, ΕΣΣΔ, SESB, ԽՍՀՄ, სსრკ, CCPC, PSRS, УРСС, SSRH, ССРЦ, ZSSR, SSCB, СРСР, SSRB, SSRI (look above) |
In Estonian | → International relations → Geography |
NTI | Nombre Typologique d’Individus | In French | → Archeology |
NTSC | National Thai Studies Centre | In English | → Area studies |
NVvV | Nederlandse Vereniging voor Vlaggenkunde | In Dutch | → Organizations and associations → Flags, banners → Netherlands |
NYCAS | New York Conference on Asian Studies | In English | → Congresses → Area studies → United States |
NZASIA | New Zealand Asian Studies Society | In English | → Area studies |
NZDL | New Zealand Digital Library Project | In English | → Libraries → Area studies |
NZFA | New Zealand Flag Association | In English | → Associations → Flags, banners |
NZJAS | New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Area studies |
OAH | Organization of American Historians (www.oah.org) | In English | → Organizations and associations → History → United States |
ÖAI | Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut (www.oeai.at) | In German | → Research institutes → Archeology → Austria |
OCM | Organisation Civile et Militaire | In French | → Organizations and associations → History |
ODDDA | OWTRAD (Old World Traditional Trade Routes) Dromographic Digital Data Archives | In English | → Libraries → History |
OEA | Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East | In English | → Encyclopaedias, reference works → Archeology |
OGHB | Office Généalogique et Héraldique de Belgique | In French | → Organizations and associations → Genealogy → Heraldry → Belgium |
ÖGIG | Österreichische Gesellschaft für Informatikgeschichte (www.oegig.at) | In German | → Organizations and associations → History → Computer science → Austria |
OGIS | Orientis Graeci inscriptiones selectae | In Latin | → Encyclopaedias, reference works → Archeology |
OGSAA | Oslo-Göteborg School of Asian and African Studies | In English | → Area studies |
OHA | Oral History Association | In English | → Associations → History |
OHT | Organization of History Teachers | In English | → Organizations and associations → Education → History |
OI | Oriental Institute | In English | → Area studies |
OIOC | Oriental and India Office Collections | In English | → Libraries → Area studies |
OJC | Organisation Juive de Combat | In French | → Organizations and associations → Judaism → History |
ONAMA | Ontology of Narratives of the Middle Ages | In English | → Linguistics → History |
OÖ | Oberösterreich | In German | → Geography → Austria |
ÖOG | Österreichische Orient-Gesellschaft Hammer-Purgstall (www.orient-gesellschaft.at) | In German | → Organizations and associations → Area studies → Austria |
ORA | Organisation de Résistance de l'Armée | In French | → Military affairs → History |
ORT | Organisation Reconstruction Travail | In French | → History |
OSI | Österreichisches Ost- und Südosteuropa-Institut (www.osi.ac.at) | In German | → Research institutes → Area studies → Austria |
OSMOI | Organisation Spéciale de la Main d'Oeuvre Immigrée | In French | → Political parties and movements → History |
OT | Organisation Todt | In French | → Military engineering → History |
OWTRAD | Old World Traditional Trade Routes (Project) | In English | → History |
P&P | Past and Present | In English | → History |
PA | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | In French | → History |
PACA | Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur | In French | → Geography |
PAHA | Polish American Historical Association | In English | → Associations → History → United States |
PARADISEC | Pacific And Regional Archive for DIgital Sources in Endangered Cultures | In English | → Libraries → Language, linguistics, literature |
PASSaGE | Pattern Analysis, Spatial Statistics and Geographic Exegesis | In English | → Computer-based techniques → Geography |
PATRIARCHE | Patrimoine Archéologique | In French | → Databases → Archeology |
PECO | Pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale | In French | → Geography |
PEQ | Palestine Exploration Quarterly | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Archeology |
PGIAR | Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology | In English | → Archeology |
PH | Partioheraldikot | In Finnish | → Organizations and associations → Genealogy → Flags, banners |
PhGeo | Physical Geography | In English | → Serial publications, periodicals → Geography |
PHS | Peace History Society | In English | → Organizations and associations → History |
PISAI | Pontificio Istituto di Studi Arabi ed'Islamistica | In Italian | → Roman catholic church → Islam → Area studies |
PMA | Pays les Moins Avancés | In French | → Geography → Development |
PMJS | Premodern Japanese Studies | In English | → Language, linguistics, literature |
POWN | Polska Organizacja Walki o Niepodleglość | In Polish | → Political parties and movements → History → Poland |
PPF | Parti Populaire Français | In French | → Political parties and movements → History → France |