| Acronym |
Sense |
Language |
Topics |
| ATE |
Aerospace Training Equipment |
In English |
→ Education → Aeronautics, aircraft → Astronautics |
| ATEC |
Association pour le développement des techniques de Transport, d'Environnement et de Circulation |
In French |
→ Associations → Vehicle engineering → Environmental technology, water supply, waste management → Transport and postal services |
| ATEL |
Aar et Tessin SA d'Électricité |
In French |
→ Organizations and associations → Energy economics → Electrical engineering |
| AtEn |
Atomnaia Energiia
= AtEn | Атомная энергия | In Russian
|
In Russian |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Nuclear, atomic, and molecular physics → Nuclear technology |
| ATEnEE |
Actions Territoriales pour l'Environnement et l'Efficacité Énergétique |
In French |
→ Environmental protection → Energy economics |
| AtERv |
Atomic Energy Review |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Nuclear, atomic, and molecular physics → Energy economics → Mechanical engineering |
| ATG |
Aerospace Test Group |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft → Astronautics |
| ATG |
Association Technique du Gaz |
In French |
→ Associations → Energy economics |
| ATGM |
Anti-Tank Guided Missile |
In English |
→ Military engineering |
| ATHENA |
Annuaire TélépHoniquE NAtional |
In French |
→ Telecommunications |
| ATI |
Aide Tourangelle à l'Innovation |
In French |
→ Regional administration → Engineering, technology → Research policy |
| ATIC |
Associação Técnica da Indústria de Cimento |
In Portuguese |
→ Associations → Construction |
| ATIC |
Associazione Tecnica Italiana per la Cinematografia e la Televisione |
In Italian |
→ Associations → Cinema, movies → Telecommunications → Italia |
| ATILH |
Association Technique de l'Industrie des Liants Hydrauliques |
In French |
→ Associations → Chemicals → Civil engineering → Construction |
| ATIS |
Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (www.atis.org) |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Standardization → Telecommunications |
| ATJAM |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Applied Mechanics |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering → United States |
| ATJDS |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Dynamic Systems and Measurement Control |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering → United States |
| ATJEG |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Engineering Gas Turbines and Power |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering → United States |
| ATJEl |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Electronic Packaging |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Electronics → United States |
| ATJEM |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering → United States |
| ATJEn |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Engineering Power |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering → United States |
| ATJEP |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Engineering Power |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering → United States |
| ATJFE |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Fluids Engineering |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering → United States |
| ATJHT |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Heat Transfer |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering → United States |
| ATJLT |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Lubrication Technology |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering → United States |
| ATJSE |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Solar Energy and Engineering |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Energy economics → United States |
| ATJTr |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Tribology |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering |
| ATJTu |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Turbomachinery |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering → United States |
| ATJVA |
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Transactions Journal of Vibration Acoustics |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering → United States |
| ATL |
Avionics Test Laboratory |
In English |
→ Research institutes → Aeronautics, aircraft |
| ATLAP |
AppleTalk Link Access Protocol |
In English |
→ Computer-based techniques → Telecommunications |
| ATLAS |
Abbreviated Test Language For Avionic Systems |
In English |
→ Quality management → 62673 |
| ATLAS |
Analysis of Thrust structure Loads And Stresses |
In English |
→ Astronautics |
| ATM |
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated |
In English |
→ Proteins → Genetics → Pathology |
| ATM |
Apollo Telescope Mount |
In English |
→ Astronautics |
| ATM |
Ascent Trajectory Model |
In English |
→ Astronautics |
| ATM |
Asynchronous Transfer Mode |
In English |
→ Networks, communication → Telecommunications |
| ATM |
Anti-Tactical Missile |
In English |
→ Military engineering |
| ATM |
Air Training Missile |
In English |
→ Military engineering → Education |
| ATM |
Anti-Tank Missile |
In English |
→ Military engineering |
| ATM |
Air Traffic Management |
In English |
→ Transport and postal services |
| ATMAB |
Association Technique Maritime et Aéronautique - Bulletin |
In French |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → 6295 → Aeronautics, aircraft |
| ATMB |
(Société des) Autoroutes et du Tunnel du Mont-Blanc |
In French |
→ Transport and postal services |
| AtmTe |
Atmospheric Technology |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Meteorology, climatology |
| ATNC |
Agent Transmissible Non Conventionnel |
In French |
→ Biochemistry, biophysics → Infectious diseases |
| ATO |
Abort To Orbit |
In English |
→ Astronautics |
| ATOCHEM |
Aquitaine TOtal CHEMical |
In many languages |
→ Chemical technology |
| ATOFINA |
Aquitaine TOtal FINA |
In many languages |
→ Chemical technology |
| ATOLL |
Acceptance, Test Or Launch Language |
In English |
→ Programming languages → Quality management → Astronautics |
| ATP |
Austrian Technology Platform |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Engineering, technology → Research policy → Austria |
| ATP |
Airborne Tracking and Pointing |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft |
| ATPCO |
Airline Tariff Publishing Company |
In English |
→ Transport by air → Prices |
| ATR |
Air Transport(ation) Rack |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft → Transport and postal services |
| ATR |
Air Transport Radio |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft → Transport and postal services |
| ATR |
Air Transport Rating |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft → Transport and postal services |
| ATR |
Australian Telecommunication Research |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Telecommunications → Australia |
| ATR |
Accès des Tiers au Réseau |
In French |
→ Energy economics → Electrical engineering |
| ATRAC |
Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding |
In English |
→ Telecommunications |
| ATRd |
Acidose Tubulaire Rénale distale |
In French |
→ Pathology |
| ATS |
Administrative Telephone System |
In English |
→ Telecommunications → Public administration, government |
| ATS |
Administrative Terminal System |
In English |
→ Telecommunications → Public administration, government |
| ATS |
Advanced Technology Satellite |
In English |
→ Astronautics |
| ATS |
Applications Technology Satellite |
In English |
→ Astronautics |
| ATS |
Atlantic Tracking Ship |
In English |
→ 6295 |
| ATS |
Accès des Tiers aux Stockages |
In French |
→ Energy economics |
| ATSC |
Advanced Television Systems Committee |
In English |
→ Telecommunications |
| ATSS |
Australasian Tuberous Sclerosis Society |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Neurology |
| AtST |
Atomisation Spray Technology |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals |
| ATST |
Autorisation de Travail Sous Tension |
In French |
→ Energy economics → Electrical engineering |
| ATTC |
Austrian Traffic Telematics Cluster (www.attc.at) |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Electronics → Telecommunications → Transport and postal services → Austria |
| ATTR |
Asociaţia Tehnică de Turnătorie din România (www.foundry-attr.ro) |
In Romanian |
→ Associations → Metallurgy → Romania |
| ATU |
Autorisation Temporaire d'Utilisation |
In French |
→ Pharmacology, toxicology |
| ATU-C |
ADSL Transmission Unit at Central Office |
In English |
→ Networks, communication → Telecommunications |
| ATU-R |
ADSL Transmission Unit for Resident |
In English |
→ Networks, communication → Telecommunications |
| ATV |
Automated Transfer Vehicle |
In English |
→ Vehicle engineering |
| ATV |
Andorra Televisió |
In Catalan |
→ Telecommunications → Andorra |
| AU |
Accounting Unit |
In English |
→ Accounting |
| AUA |
American Urological Association (www.auanet.org) |
In English |
→ Associations → Urology → United States |
| AUB |
Aft Utility Bridge |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft |
| AUC |
Authentication Center |
In English |
→ Telecommunications |
| AUE |
Association des Usagers de l'Eau |
In French |
→ Associations → Environmental technology, water supply, waste management |
| AUF |
Australian Ultralight Federation (www.auf.asn.au) |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Aeronautics, aircraft → Sport, physical exercises → Australia |
| AUG |
Automotive Users Group |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Automobile manufacturing |
| AUG |
Administrative Unit Group |
In English |
→ Telecommunications |
| AUGC |
Association Universitaire de Génie Civil |
In French |
→ Associations → Civil engineering |
| AURIF |
Association des Utilisateurs de Réseaux Informatiques en Île-de-France |
In French |
→ Associations → Networks, communication → Telecommunications → France |
| AURP |
AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol |
In English |
→ Networks, communication → Telecommunications |
| AUVSI |
Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (www.auvsi.org) |
In English |
→ Associations → Electronics → Aeronautics, aircraft |
| AV |
Access Violation |
In English |
→ Networks, communication → Telecommunications |
| AVA |
Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt |
In German |
→ Aerodynamics → Aeronautics, aircraft |
| AVA |
Association of Veterinary Anesthetists (www.ava.eu.com) |
In English |
→ Associations → Veterinary medicine → Anesthesiology |
| AVA |
Australian Veterinary Association (www.ava.com.au) |
In English |
→ Associations → Veterinary medicine → Australia |
| AVA |
Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed |
In English |
→ Infectious diseases → Immunology and allergy |
| AVACI |
Academy of Veterinary Allergy and Clinical Immunology (www.avaci.org) |
In English |
→ Academies → Immunology and allergy → Veterinary medicine |
| AVAR |
Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights (www.avar.org) |
In English |
→ Associations → Veterinary medicine |
| AVC |
Accident Vasculaire Cérébral |
In French |
→ Cardiology → Neurology |
| AVCA |
American Veterinary Chiropractic Association (www.animalchiropractic.org) |
In English |
→ Associations → Veterinary medicine → United States |
| AVCO |
The Aviation Corp of Delaware |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Aeronautics, aircraft → United States |
| AVCOR |
Algorithm Vibration Correlation |
In English |
→ Acoustical engineering |
| AVCPT |
Association for Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (www.avcpt.org) |
In English |
→ Associations → Pharmacology, toxicology → Veterinary medicine |
| AVCS |
Attitude and Velocity Control System |
In English |
→ Astronautics |
| AVDA |
American Veterinary Distributors Association (www.avda.net) |
In English |
→ Associations → Veterinary medicine → United States |
| AVDC |
American Veterinary Dental College (www.avdc.org) |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Dentistry → Veterinary medicine → United States |
| AVE |
Aerospace Vehicle Equipment |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft → Astronautics |
| AVH |
Association Valentin Haüy |
In French |
→ Associations → Medicine |
| AVHGA |
Agrár-Vállalkozási Hitelgarancia Alapítvány |
In Hungarian |
→ Financial markets → Agricultural sciences |
| AVHRR |
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer |
In English |
→ Astronautics → Meteorology, climatology → Marine research, oceanography |
| AVI |
Association for Veterinary Informatics (http://avinformatics.org) |
In English |
→ Associations → Computer science → Veterinary medicine |
| AVIM |
Aviation Intermediate Maintenance |
In English |
→ Maintenance and logistics → Aeronautics, aircraft |
| AVIP |
Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program |
In English |
→ Immunology and allergy → Pharmacology, toxicology |
| AVIS |
Associazione Volontari Italiani donatori Sangue |
In Italian |
→ Associations → Blood and circulatory system → Italia |
| AVISO |
Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellites Oceanographic data (www.aviso.oceanobs.com) |
In English |
→ Knowledge management → Astronautics → Marine research, oceanography |
| AvKos |
Aviatsiia i Kosmonavtika
= AvKos | Авиация и космонавтика | In Russian
|
In Russian |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Aeronautics, aircraft → Astronautics |
| AvKos |
Авиация и космонавтика
= (look above)
|
In Russian |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Aeronautics, aircraft → Astronautics |
| AVL |
Avionics Verification Laboratory |
In English |
→ Research institutes → Aeronautics, aircraft |
| AVL |
Automated Vehicle Location |
In English |
→ Telecommunications → Automobile manufacturing |
| AVL |
Automatic Vehicle Location |
In English |
→ Vehicle engineering → Transport and postal services |
| AVLS |
Automatic Vehicle Localization System |
In English |
→ Vehicle engineering → Transport and postal services |
| AVMA |
American Veterinary Medical Association (www.avma.org) |
In English |
→ Associations → Veterinary medicine → United States |
| AVMF |
American Veterinary Medical Foundation (www.avmf.org) |
In English |
→ Foundations → Veterinary medicine → United States |
| AVNIR |
Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer |
In English |
→ Astronautics → Earth sciences |
| AVP |
Accident sur Voie Publique |
In French |
→ Accidents, risks, safety → Traumatology |
| AvPE |
Avtomatizatsiia Proektirovaniia Elektronike |
In Russian |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Electronics |
| AVRADA |
Army Avionics Research and Development Activity |
In English |
→ Military engineering → Aeronautics, aircraft |
| AVRCS |
Attitude, Velocity, Reaction Control System |
In English |
→ Astronautics |
| AVRO |
Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep |
In Dutch |
→ Organizations and associations → Telecommunications |
| AVS |
American Vacuum Society (www.avs.org) |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Engineering, technology → United States |
| AvSeM |
Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Medicine → Aeronautics, aircraft |
| AVSF |
Agronomes et Vétérinaires Sans Frontières (www.avsf.org) |
In French |
→ Organizations and associations → Agricultural sciences → Veterinary medicine |
| AvTek |
Aviatsionnaia Tekhnika |
In Russian |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Aeronautics, aircraft → Astronautics |
| AvTel |
Avtomatika i Telemekhanika
= AvTel | Автоматика и телемеханика | In Russian
|
In Russian |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering |
| AvTel |
Автоматика и телемеханика
= (look above)
|
In Russian |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Mechanical engineering |
| AVUM |
Aviation Unit Maintenance |
In English |
→ Maintenance and logistics → Aeronautics, aircraft |
| AvWST |
Aviation Week Space Technology |
In English |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Aeronautics, aircraft |
| AW&ST |
Aviation Week and Space Technology |
In English |
→ Astronomy → Aeronautics, aircraft → Astronautics |
| AWF |
African Water Facility (www.africanwaterfacility.org) |
In English |
→ Environmental technology, water supply, waste management → Africa |
| AWF |
American Wood Fibers (www.awf.com) |
In English |
→ Timber and woodworking industry → Paper and board industry → United States |
| AWF |
Animal Welfare Foundation (www.bva-awf.org.uk) |
In English |
→ Foundations → Construction → United Kingdom |
| AWG |
American Wire Gauge |
In English |
→ Electrical engineering → United States |
| AWIC |
Animal Welfare Information Center (https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic) |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → 636 → United States |
| AWIS |
African Water Information (and Documentation) System
= SADIEau | Système Africain de Documentation et d'Information sur l'Eau | In French
|
In English |
→ Knowledge management → Hydrology → 626 → Environmental technology, water supply, waste management → Africa |
| AWMF |
Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften |
In German |
→ Associations → Medicine |
| AWS |
American Welding Society |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Metallurgy → United States |
| AWS |
Automated Wiring System |
In English |
→ Electrical engineering → Electronics |
| AXAF |
Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility |
In English |
→ Astronautics → Astronomy |
| AZBA |
Airport Zoning Board of Adjustment |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Aeronautics, aircraft → Transport by air → Regional planning |
| AZF |
AZotes Fertilisants |
In French |
→ Chemical technology |
| AZM |
Academisch Ziekenhuis Maastricht (www.azm.nl) |
In Dutch |
→ Medicine → Higher education, universities → Netherlands |
| AZT |
American Zeppelin Transport |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft |
| B-BASIC |
Bio-based Sustainable Industrial Chemistry |
In English |
→ Philology → Chemical technology |
| B2M |
Business-to-Mobile |
In English |
→ Trade → Telecommunications |
| B8ZS |
Bipolar with 8-Zero Substitution |
In English |
→ Telecommunications → Electronics |
| BA |
Behaviour Aggregate |
In English |
→ Networks, communication → Telecommunications |
| BA |
Breathing Apparatus |
In English |
→ Firefighting |
| BA |
Basic Access |
In English |
→ Telecommunications → Networks, communication |
| BAAC |
Bulletin d'Analyse des Accidents Corporels (de la circulation) |
In French |
→ Serial publications, periodicals → Traumatology → Accidents, risks, safety → Transport and postal services |
| BAAC |
Budget Annexe de l'Aviation Civile |
In French |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft → Transport and postal services |
| BAB |
Bureau d'Automatisation des Bibliothèques |
In French |
→ Libraries → Electronics |
| BAC |
Boeing Aerospace Company |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft → Astronautics |
| BAC |
Boeing Aircraft Company |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft |
| BAC |
Booster Assembly Contractor |
In English |
→ Astronautics |
| BAC |
Béton Armé Continu |
In French |
→ Civil engineering → Civil engineering and land transport → Construction |
| BAC |
Bio Affinity Company |
In English |
→ Biotechnology |
| BAC |
Balanced Actuation Calipers |
In English |
→ Vehicle engineering |
| BAE |
British Aerospace |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Aeronautics, aircraft → Astronautics → United Kingdom |
| BAEL |
Béton Armé suivant la méthode des États Limites |
In French |
→ Civil engineering → Construction |
| BAES |
Bundesamt für Ernährungssicherheit |
In German |
→ Central administration → Food technology |
| BAFTA |
British Academy of Film and Television Arts (www.bafta.org) |
In English |
→ Academies → Cinema, movies → Telecommunications → Software → United Kingdom |
| BAGHEERA |
BAsse tension de Génération des cHarges et de calcul de l'État Électrique de Réseaux Arborescents |
In French |
→ Electrical engineering |
| BAHA |
Bone Anchored Hearing Aid |
In English |
→ Surgery, orthopaedics, ophthalmology |
| BAI |
Barometric Altitude Indicator |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft |
| BAIT |
Bulgarian Association of Information Technologies |
In English |
→ Associations → Computer science → Telecommunications |
| BAL |
Binôme d'ALimentation |
In French |
→ Firefighting |
| BAM |
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung |
In German |
→ Central administration → Materials science → Germany |
| BAM |
Bajkalo-Amoerskaja Magistral
= BAM | Baikal-Amur Mainline | In English
= BAM | Bajkalsko-amurská magistrála | In Czech
= BAM | Baikal-Amur-Magistrale | In German
= BAM | Baikali-Amuuri magistraalraudtee | In Estonian
= BAM | Baïkal Amour Magistral | In French
= BAM | Bajkalsko-amurska magistrala | In Slovenian
= БАМ | Байкало-Амурська магістраль | In Ukrainian
= БАМ | Байкало-Амурская магистраль | In Russian
|
In Dutch |
→ Transport and postal services |
| BAM |
Baikal-Amur Mainline
= БАМ (look above)
|
In English |
→ Transport and postal services |
| BAM |
Bajkalsko-amurská magistrála
= БАМ (look above)
|
In Czech |
→ Transport and postal services |
| BAM |
Baikal-Amur-Magistrale
= БАМ (look above)
|
In German |
→ Transport and postal services |
| BAM |
Baikali-Amuuri magistraalraudtee
= БАМ (look above)
|
In Estonian |
→ Transport and postal services |
| BAM |
Baïkal Amour Magistral
= БАМ (look above)
|
In French |
→ Transport and postal services |
| BAM |
Bajkalsko-amurska magistrala
= БАМ (look above)
|
In Slovenian |
→ Transport and postal services |
| BAN |
Bâtiment des Auxiliaires Nucléaires |
In French |
→ Nuclear technology |
| BAN |
Body Area Network |
In English |
→ Internet → Medicine |
| BANA |
Budget Annexe de la Navigation Aérienne |
In French |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft → Transport and postal services |
| BANEDA |
BÂtiment National Destiné à l'Entreposage des Déchets Activés |
In French |
→ Environmental technology, water supply, waste management → Nuclear technology |
| BANG |
Bits, Atomes, Neurones, Gènes |
In French |
→ Computer science → Neurology → Genetics |
| BAP |
Béton Autoplaçant |
In French |
→ Civil engineering → Construction |
| BAPE |
Baltycka Agencja Poszanowania Energii |
In Polish |
→ Energy economics |
| BAPSA |
Budget Annexe des Prestations Sociales Agricoles |
In French |
→ Finance → Social welfare → Agricultural sciences |
| BARA |
British Automation and Robotics Association |
In English |
→ Associations → Mechanical engineering → Electronics → United Kingdom |
| BARC |
Baldwin Hills Amateur Radio Club |
In English |
→ Organizations and associations → Telecommunications |
| BARF |
Biologically Appropriate Raw Food |
In English |
→ Food technology |
| BARPI |
Bureau d'Analyse des Risques et des Pollutions Industrielles |
In French |
→ Central administration → Industry, industrial policy → Accidents, risks, safety → France |
| BARS |
Baseline Accounting and Reporting System |
In English |
→ Accounting |
| BAS |
Broadband Access Server |
In English |
→ Telecommunications |
| BASD |
Ball Aerospace Systems Division |
In English |
→ Aeronautics, aircraft → Astronautics |
| BASE |
BioArray Software Environment |
In English |
→ Software → Genetics → Biotechnology |
| BASIAS |
Base de données des Anciens Sites Industriels et Activités de Service |
In French |
→ Databases → Industry, industrial policy → Environmental technology, water supply, waste management → 5023 |
| BASIAS |
Base des Anciens Sites Industriels et Activités de Service |
In French |
→ Databases → Industry, industrial policy → Environmental technology, water supply, waste management → 5023 |
| BASIS |
Business Action to Support the Information Society |
In English |
→ Economics → Computer science → Telecommunications |